(1) The department of state shall not renew the registration of a motor vehicle subject to this part unless the vehicle has been inspected as provided in this part and a certificate of compliance or a certificate of waiver has been issued.

    (2) Certificates of compliance and certificates of waiver issued under this part are valid for 1 test cycle.

    (3) If not exempted by this part or rules promulgated under this part, a person shall not drive a motor vehicle registered in an area required to have a vehicle emission and maintenance program without a valid certificate of compliance or certificate of waiver.