SENATE BILL NO. 497 April 14, 1999, Introduced by Senators ROGERS, SCHWARZ, NORTH, GOSCHKA, BULLARD, JOHNSON, SIKKEMA, SHUGARS, GOUGEON, HAMMERSTROM, MC MANUS, MC COTTER, SCHUETTE and BENNETT and referred to the Committee on Judiciary. A bill to authorize certain interceptions of communications and the use of interception devices for certain offenses; to pro- vide for and regulate the application, issuance, and execution of interception orders; to prescribe the powers and duties of cer- tain agencies, officers, and employees; to regulate the use and disclosure of communications and evidence intercepted or obtained under this act; to provide remedies and exemptions from liabili- ty; to prescribe penalties; and to repeal acts and parts of acts. THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN ENACT: 1 Sec. 1. As used in this act: 2 (a) "Aggrieved person" means a person who was a party to an 3 intercepted wire, oral, or electronic communication or a person 4 against whom the interception was directed. 01728'99 JOJ 2 1 (b) "Aural transfer" means a transfer containing the human 2 voice at any point between the point of origin and the point of 3 reception, including those points. 4 (c) "Communication common carrier" means a person engaged as 5 a common carrier for hire in communication by wire or radio or in 6 radio transmission of energy. A person engaged in radio broad- 7 casting is not a communication common carrier while so engaged. 8 (d) "Contents" means any information concerning the sub- 9 stance, purport, or meaning of a wire, oral, or electronic 10 communication. 11 (e) "Electronic communication" means a transfer of signs, 12 signals, writing, images, sounds, data, or intelligence of any 13 nature transmitted in whole or in part by a wire, radio, electro- 14 magnetic, photoelectronic, or photooptical system. Electronic 15 communication does not include any of the following: 16 (i) A wire or oral communication. 17 (ii) A communication made through a tone-only paging 18 device. 19 (iii) A communication from an electronic or mechanical 20 device that permits the tracking of an individual's or object's 21 movement. 22 (f) "Electronic communication service" means a service that 23 provides to the service's users the ability to send or receive 24 wire or electronic communications. 25 (g) "Electronic communications system" means wire, radio, 26 electromagnetic, photooptical, or photoelectronic facilities for 27 transmitting wire or electronic communications and computer 01728'99 3 1 facilities or related electronic equipment for the electronic 2 storage of wire or electronic communications. 3 (h) "Electronic storage" means either of the following: 4 (i) Temporary, intermediate storage of a wire or electronic 5 communication incidental to its electronic transmission. 6 (ii) Storage of a wire or electronic communication by an 7 electronic communication service for backup protection of the 8 communication. 9 (i) "Interception device" means a device or apparatus that 10 can be used to intercept a wire, oral, or electronic 11 communication. Interception device does not include any of the 12 following: 13 (i) A telephone or telegraph instrument, equipment, or 14 facility or any component of that instrument, equipment, or 15 facility that is 1 or more of the following: 16 (A) Furnished to the user by an electronic communication 17 service provider in the ordinary course of its business and being 18 used in the ordinary course of the user's business. 19 (B) Furnished by the user for connection to the facilities 20 of an electronic communication service provider and being used in 21 the ordinary course of the user's business. 22 (C) Being used by an electronic communication service pro- 23 vider in the ordinary course of its business. 24 (D) Being used by an investigative or law enforcement offi- 25 cer in the ordinary course of the officer's duties. 26 (ii) A hearing aid or similar device used to correct 27 subnormal hearing to not better than normal. 01728'99 4 1 (j) "Intercept" or "interception" means the aural or other 2 acquisition of the contents of a wire, oral, or electronic commu- 3 nication through the use of an interception device. 4 (k) "Investigative or law enforcement officer" means an 5 officer of this state or a political subdivision who is empowered 6 by law to conduct investigations of or to make arrests for 7 offenses described in section 7 and who is certified under 8 section 10. 9 Sec. 2. As used in this act: 10 (a) "Judge of competent jurisdiction" means a court of 11 appeals judge or a circuit court judge. 12 (b) "Oral communication" means a communication uttered by a 13 person with a reasonable expectation that the communication is 14 not subject to interception. Oral communication does not include 15 an electronic communication. 16 (c) "Person" means an employee or agent of this state or a 17 political subdivision or an individual, partnership, association, 18 limited liability company, corporation, or other legal entity. 19 (d) "Political subdivision" means a county, city, township, 20 or village of this state. 21 (e) "Prosecutor" means the attorney general of this state or 22 1 assistant attorney general he or she designates or the princi- 23 pal prosecuting attorney of the county in which the facility or 24 place where the communication to be intercepted is located or 1 25 assistant prosecuting attorney of that county he or she 26 designates. 01728'99 5 1 (f) "Readily accessible to the general public" means the 2 communication is not any of the following: 3 (i) Scrambled or encrypted. 4 (ii) Transmitted using modulation techniques whose essential 5 parameters have been withheld from the public to preserve the 6 communication's privacy. 7 (iii) Carried on a subcarrier or other signal subsidiary to 8 a radio transmission. 9 (iv) Transmitted over a communication system provided by a 10 communication common carrier, unless the communication is a 11 tone-only paging system communication. 12 (v) Transmitted on a frequency allocated under 47 13 C.F.R. part 25, subpart D, E, or F of 47 C.F.R. part 74, or 47 14 C.F.R. part 94 unless, in the case of a communication transmitted 15 on a frequency allocated under 47 C.F.R. part 74 that is not 16 exclusively allocated to broadcast auxiliary services, the commu- 17 nication is a 2-way voice communication by radio. 18 (g) "User" means a person who subscribes to or uses an elec- 19 tronic communication service and is authorized to engage in that 20 use. 21 (h) "Wire communication" means an aural transfer made in 22 whole or in part through the use of facilities for transmitting 23 communications by wire, cable, or other substantially similar 24 connection between the point of origin and the point of reception 25 that are furnished or operated by a person engaged in providing 26 or operating those facilities for the transmission of 27 communications and includes the use of such a connection in a 01728'99 6 1 switching station. Wire communication includes an electronic 2 storage of such a communication. Wire communication does not 3 include an electronic communication. 4 Sec. 3. (1) Except as otherwise provided in this act or as 5 authorized or approved under chapter 119 of title 18 of the 6 United States Code, 18 U.S.C. 2510 to 2522, a person shall not 7 intentionally do any of the following: 8 (a) Intercept, attempt to intercept, or solicit another 9 person to intercept or attempt to intercept a wire, oral, or 10 electronic communication. 11 (b) Disclose or attempt to disclose to another person the 12 contents of a wire, oral, or electronic communication knowing or 13 having reason to know that the information was obtained through 14 the interception of a wire, oral, or electronic communication in 15 violation of this act. 16 (c) Use or attempt to use the contents of a wire, oral, or 17 electronic communication knowing or having reason to know the 18 information was obtained through the interception of a wire, 19 oral, or electronic communication in violation of this act. 20 (2) Except as provided in subsection (3), a person who vio- 21 lates subsection (1) is guilty of a felony punishable by impris- 22 onment for not more than 4 years or a fine of not more than 23 $2,000.00, or both. 24 (3) If both of the following apply, conduct prohibited by 25 subsection (1) is not punishable under subsection (2) unless it 26 is for direct or indirect commercial advantage or private 27 financial gain: 01728'99 7 1 (a) The conduct consists of or relates to the interception 2 of a satellite transmission that is not encrypted or scrambled. 3 (b) Either of the following applies: 4 (i) The satellite transmission is transmitted to a broad- 5 casting station for retransmission to the general public. 6 (ii) The satellite transmission is transmitted as an audio 7 subcarrier intended for redistribution to facilities open to the 8 public but is not a data transmission or telephone call. 9 (4) A person who trespasses on property owned or under the 10 control of another person with the intent to intercept or facili- 11 tate intercepting a wire, oral, or electronic communication is 12 guilty of a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment for not more 13 than 90 days or a fine of not more than $100.00, or both. 14 (5) This act does not prohibit any of the following: 15 (a) Interception, disclosure, or use of a wire or electronic 16 communication by a switchboard operator or an officer, employee, 17 or agent of an electronic communication service provider in the 18 normal course of his or her duties or employment while engaged in 19 an activity necessarily incident to rendering service or protect- 20 ing the provider's rights or property, unless the interception 21 results from the provider's use of service observing or random 22 monitoring for purposes other than mechanical or service quality 23 control checks. 24 (b) Interception of a wire or electronic communication, or 25 an oral communication transmitted by radio, or disclosure or use 26 of the information obtained through the interception by an 27 officer, employee, or agent of the federal communications 01728'99 8 1 commission in the normal course of his or her employment and the 2 commission's monitoring responsibilities to enforce the communi- 3 cations act of 1934, chapter 652, 48 Stat. 1064. 4 (c) A person intercepting a wire, oral, or electronic commu- 5 nication while acting under color of law if the person is a party 6 to the communication or 1 of the parties to the communication 7 gives prior consent to the interception. 8 (d) A person intercepting a wire, oral, or electronic commu- 9 nication while not acting under color of law if the person is a 10 party to the communication or 1 of the parties to the communica- 11 tion gives prior consent to the interception, unless the communi- 12 cation is intercepted to commit a criminal or tortious act in 13 violation of the constitution or laws of the United States or 14 this state. 15 (e) Electronic surveillance as defined in section 101 of 16 title I of the foreign intelligence surveillance act of 1978, 17 Public Law 95-511, 50 U.S.C. 1801, conducted by an officer, 18 employee, or agent of the United States in the normal course of 19 his or her official duty to conduct that surveillance. 20 (f) Intercepting or accessing an electronic communication 21 made through an electronic communication system that is config- 22 ured so the electronic communication is readily accessible to the 23 general public. 24 (g) Intercepting a radio communication transmitted by any of 25 the following: 01728'99 9 1 (i) A station if the communication is for the general 2 public's use or relates to a ship, aircraft, vehicle, or person 3 in distress. 4 (ii) A governmental, law enforcement, civil defense, private 5 land mobile, fire, or public safety communications system that is 6 readily accessible to the general public. 7 (iii) A station operating on a authorized frequency within 8 the bands allocated to amateurs, citizens band, or general mobile 9 radio services. 10 (iv) A marine or aeronautical communications system. 11 (h) Engaging in conduct that is either prohibited by 12 section 633 of part IV of title VI of the communications act of 13 1934, chapter 652, 98 Stat. 2796, 47 U.S.C. 553, or excepted from 14 the application of section 705(a) of title VII of the communica- 15 tions act of 1934, chapter 652, 48 Stat. 1103, 47 U.S.C. 605, by 16 section 705(b) of title VII of that act. 17 (i) Intercepting a wire or electronic communication whose 18 transmission is causing harmful interference to a lawfully oper- 19 ating station or consumer electronic equipment to the extent nec- 20 essary to identify the source of the interference. 21 (j) Interception by other users of the same frequency of a 22 radio communication made through a system that utilizes frequen- 23 cies monitored by individuals engaged in providing or using the 24 system if the communication is not scrambled or encrypted. 25 (k) Using a pen register or a trap and trace device. 26 (l) An electronic communication service provider recording 27 the fact that a wire or electronic communication was initiated or 01728'99 10 1 completed to protect the provider, another provider furnishing 2 service in connection with the wire or electronic communication, 3 or a user from fraudulent, unlawful, or abusive use of the 4 service. 5 (6) A person may provide information, facilities, or techni- 6 cal assistance to a person authorized by law to intercept a wire, 7 oral, or electronic communication if that person was provided 8 with a court order described in section 8 directing that 9 assistance. The person assisting shall not disclose the exis- 10 tence of any interception, surveillance, or interception device 11 relating to the order described in this subsection except as oth- 12 erwise required by lawful process and then only after notifying 13 the prosecutor who obtained the order before disclosure. 14 (7) Except as otherwise provided in subsections (8) and (9), 15 a person providing an electronic communication service to the 16 public shall not intentionally disclose the contents of a commu- 17 nication while it is being transmitted on that service to a 18 person other than the addressee or intended recipient of the com- 19 munication or an agent of the addressee or intended recipient. 20 (8) Subsection (7) does not apply if the service provider or 21 the provider's agent is the addressee or intended recipient of 22 the communication. 23 (9) A service provider described in subsection (7) may dis- 24 close the contents of a communication as follows: 25 (a) If the communication was intercepted as described in 26 subsection (5). 01728'99 11 1 (b) As authorized under this act. 2 (c) With the lawful consent of the originator, an addressee, 3 or an intended recipient of the communication. 4 (d) To a person employed or authorized, or whose facilities 5 are used, to forward the communication to its destination. 6 (e) To a law enforcement agency, if the service provider 7 obtains the contents inadvertently and believes they pertain to 8 the commission of a crime. 9 Sec. 4. (1) Except as provided in subsection (2) or (3) or 10 as authorized or approved under chapter 119 of title 18 of the 11 United States Code, 18 U.S.C. 2510 to 2522, a person shall not do 12 any of the following: 13 (a) Manufacture, assemble, possess, or sell or otherwise 14 deliver an interception device knowing or having reason to know 15 the device's design renders it primarily useful for surrepti- 16 tiously intercepting wire, oral, or electronic communications. 17 (b) Advertise or offer to sell or otherwise deliver an 18 interception device knowing or having reason to know the device's 19 design renders it primarily useful for surreptitiously intercept- 20 ing wire, oral, or electronic communications. 21 (c) Advertise or offer to sell or otherwise deliver any 22 device by promoting the use of the device to surreptitiously 23 intercept wire, oral, or electronic communications. 24 (2) In the normal course of its business, an electronic com- 25 munication service provider or an officer, agent, or employee of 26 or a person under contract with that service provider may 27 manufacture, assemble, possess, or sell an interception device 01728'99 12 1 knowing or having reason to know the device's design renders it 2 primarily useful for surreptitiously intercepting wire, oral, or 3 electronic communications. 4 (3) Under a warrant or order issued by a court of competent 5 jurisdiction or a comparable court of the United States, an offi- 6 cer, agent, or employee of the United States, this state, or a 7 political subdivision may manufacture, assemble, possess, or sell 8 an interception device knowing or having reason to know the 9 device's design renders it primarily useful for surreptitiously 10 intercepting wire, oral, or electronic communications. 11 (4) A person who violates subsection (1) is guilty of a 12 felony punishable by imprisonment for not more than 4 years or a 13 fine of not more than $2,000.00, or both. 14 Sec. 5. If a wire, oral, or electronic communication is 15 intercepted, its contents and any evidence derived from the com- 16 munication shall not be received in evidence in a trial, hearing, 17 or other proceeding before a court, grand jury, tribunal, depart- 18 ment or regulatory agency, legislative committee, or other 19 authority of this state or a political subdivision if disclosure 20 of the communication or evidence would violate this act. 21 Sec. 6. (1) An investigative or law enforcement officer who 22 knows the contents of a wire, oral, or electronic communication 23 or evidence derived from the communication may do any of the fol- 24 lowing if he or she obtained that knowledge by a means authorized 25 under this act: 26 (a) Disclose the contents or evidence to another 27 investigative or law enforcement officer or to an officer, agent, 01728'99 13 1 or official of a law enforcement agency of the United States 2 government to the extent appropriate for proper performance of 3 the official duties of the person making or receiving the 4 disclosure. 5 (b) Use those contents or the evidence to the extent appro- 6 priate for proper performance of his or her official duties. 7 (2) A person who receives information concerning a wire, 8 oral, or electronic communication intercepted in accordance with 9 this act or evidence derived from the communication may disclose 10 the contents or evidence while giving testimony under oath or 11 affirmation in a proceeding held under the authority of the 12 United States, this state, or a political subdivision or in a 13 civil proceeding under section 12 if the person received the 14 information by a means authorized under this act. 15 (3) A privileged wire, oral, or electronic communication 16 intercepted in accordance with or in violation of this act does 17 not lose its privileged character by that interception and shall 18 not be disclosed. 19 (4) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, if an 20 investigative or law enforcement officer intercepting wire, oral, 21 or electronic communications in the manner authorized by this act 22 intercepts a wire, oral, or electronic communication relating to 23 an offense other than an offense specified in the order under 24 section 8, the communication's contents and evidence derived from 25 the communication may be disclosed or used as provided in subsec- 26 tion (1). The communication's contents and any evidence derived 27 from the communication may be used under subsection (3) if 01728'99 14 1 authorized or approved by a judge of competent jurisdiction on 2 subsequent application after determining that the contents were 3 otherwise intercepted in accordance with this act. The subse- 4 quent application shall be made as soon as practicable after 5 intercepting the communication. This subsection does not autho- 6 rize the disclosure or use in any manner of the contents of or 7 evidence derived from a wire, oral, or electronic communication 8 relating to an offense punishable by imprisonment for 4 years or 9 less or punishable only by a fine. 10 Sec. 7. (1) A prosecutor may authorize an application to a 11 judge of competent jurisdiction for an order authorizing or 12 approving the interception of wire, oral, or electronic communi- 13 cations by the investigative or law enforcement officer responsi- 14 ble for the investigation of the offense for which the applica- 15 tion is made if the interception may provide or has provided evi- 16 dence of any of the following offenses: 17 (a) A violation of section 7401(2)(a) or (b), 7402(2)(a), or 18 7403(2)(a)(i), (ii), or (iii) of the public health code, 1978 PA 19 368, MCL 333.7401, 333.7402, and 333.7403. 20 (b) A violation of section 7402(2)(e) of the public health 21 code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333.7402, involving a controlled substance 22 analogue of a controlled substance described in 23 section 7401(2)(a) or (b) of the public health code, 1978 PA 368, 24 MCL 333.7401. 25 (c) A violation of section 7403(2)(b) of the public health 26 code, 1978 PA 368, MCL 333.7403, involving a controlled substance 01728'99 15 1 analogue of a controlled substance described in 2 section 7403(2)(a) of that act. 3 (d) A violation of section 18 of the Michigan gaming control 4 and revenue act, the Initiated Law of 1996, MCL 432.218. 5 (e) A violation of section 159i or 411k of the Michigan 6 penal code, 1931 PA 328, MCL 750.159i and 750.411k. 7 (f) A conspiracy to commit an offense described in subdivi- 8 sion (a), (b), (c), or (d). 9 (g) An offense other than an offense described in subdivi- 10 sions (a) to (e) in the manner and to the extent permitted under 11 section 6(4). 12 (2) Unless the investigative or law enforcement officer 13 described in subsection (1) is employed by the department of 14 state police, the prosecutor authorizing the application shall 15 notify the director of the department of state police, or a 16 person the director designates, of the application and the infor- 17 mation described in section 8(1)(b)(ii) and (iv). If the pro- 18 posed interception will overlap, conflict with, hamper, or inter- 19 fere with another interception proposed or authorized, the direc- 20 tor or his or her designee shall advise the judge of competent 21 jurisdiction for each application and shall coordinate any subse- 22 quent interceptions. 23 Sec. 8. (1) An application for an order authorizing or 24 approving the interception of a wire, oral, or electronic commu- 25 nication shall be in writing upon oath or affirmation to a judge 26 of competent jurisdiction and shall state the applicant's 01728'99 16 1 authority to apply. An application shall include all of the 2 following information: 3 (a) The identity of the investigative or law enforcement 4 officer applying and the prosecutor authorizing the application. 5 (b) A comprehensive statement of the facts and circumstances 6 the applicant relies upon to justify his or her belief that an 7 order should be issued, including all of the following: 8 (i) Details of the particular offense that has been, is 9 being, or is about to be committed. 10 (ii) A particular description of the nature and location of 11 the facilities from which, or the place where, the communication 12 is to be intercepted. 13 (iii) A particular description of the type of communication 14 sought to be intercepted. 15 (iv) If known, the identity of any person committing or 16 about to commit the offense and whose communication is to be 17 intercepted. 18 (v) A statement of the facts indicating the specific 19 instances of conduct demonstrating probable cause to believe the 20 particular offense has been, is being, or is about to be 21 committed. 22 (c) Comprehensive statements of each of the following: 23 (i) Whether other investigative procedures have been tried 24 and have failed. 25 (ii) The time period for which the interception must be 26 maintained. If the investigation's nature is such that the 27 authorization for interception should not automatically terminate 01728'99 17 1 when the described type of communication has been obtained, the 2 statement shall include a particular description of the facts 3 establishing probable cause to believe additional communications 4 of the same type will occur after that time. 5 (iii) The legitimate investigative objective to be achieved 6 by the interception. 7 (iv) The facts concerning all previous applications known to 8 the individuals authorizing and making the application that were 9 made for authorization to intercept or for approval of an inter- 10 ception of a wire, oral, or electronic communication involving 11 any of the same persons, facilities, or places specified in the 12 application and the action taken by the judge on each previous 13 application. 14 (d) If the application is for extension of an order, a 15 statement setting forth the results obtained from the intercep- 16 tion or a reasonable explanation of the failure to obtain any 17 results. 18 (e) Unless the applying investigative or law enforcement 19 officer is employed by the department of state police, a state- 20 ment that the director of the department of state police or an 21 individual the director designates has been notified of the 22 application and of the information described in subdivision 23 (b)(ii) and (iv). 24 (2) The judge of competent jurisdiction may require the 25 applicant to furnish additional testimony or documentary evidence 26 to support the application. 01728'99 18 1 (3) Based upon an application under subsection (1), the 2 judge of competent jurisdiction may enter an ex parte order, as 3 requested or as modified, authorizing or approving interception 4 of a wire, oral, or electronic communication if the judge deter- 5 mines all of the following on the basis of the facts submitted by 6 the applicant: 7 (a) Probable cause exists to believe an individual is com- 8 mitting, has committed, or is about to commit a particular 9 offense described in section 7. 10 (b) Probable cause exists to believe the facilities from 11 which, or the place where, the wire, oral, or electronic communi- 12 cation is to be intercepted are being used, or are about to be 13 used, in connection with the offense or are leased to, listed in 14 the name of, or commonly used by a person described in subsection 15 (1)(b)(iv). 16 (c) Probable cause exists to believe particular communica- 17 tions concerning that offense will be obtained through the 18 interception. 19 (d) Usual investigative procedures have been tried and have 20 failed. 21 (4) Each order authorizing or approving interception of a 22 wire, oral, or electronic communication shall specify all of the 23 following: 24 (a) If known, the identity of the person whose communication 25 is to be intercepted. 01728'99 19 1 (b) The nature and location of the communication facilities 2 as to which, or the place where, authority to intercept is 3 granted. 4 (c) A particular description of the type of communication 5 sought to be intercepted and a statement of the particular 6 offense to which it relates. 7 (d) The legitimate investigative objective for which autho- 8 rization to intercept is granted. 9 (e) The agency authorized to intercept the communication and 10 the person authorizing the application. 11 (f) The time period during which interception is authorized 12 or approved, including a statement as to whether interception 13 shall automatically terminate when the described communication 14 has been obtained. 15 (5) If the application states that specific information, 16 facilities, or technical assistance is needed from a particular 17 person to accomplish the interception unobtrusively and with min- 18 imum interference with the services that person is according a 19 person whose communications are to be intercepted, the order 20 authorizing the interception shall direct the particular person 21 to immediately furnish the information, facilities, or technical 22 assistance specified in the order to the applicant. The order 23 shall specify the time period during which the person is required 24 to provide information, facilities, or technical assistance. The 25 agency conducting the interception shall compensate the person 26 furnishing facilities or technical assistance for reasonable 27 expenses incurred in providing the facilities or assistance. A 01728'99 20 1 person is not civilly liable for providing information, 2 facilities, or assistance under this subsection. 3 (6) An order entered under this section shall not authorize 4 or approve the interception of a wire, oral, or electronic commu- 5 nication for longer than the time necessary to achieve the autho- 6 rized investigative objective or 30 days, whichever is earlier. 7 The period begins on the day an investigative or law enforcement 8 officer first begins to conduct an interception under the order 9 or 10 days after the order is entered, whichever is earlier. The 10 judge may grant extensions of an order only upon application for 11 an extension in accordance with subsections (1) and (3). The 12 extension period shall not be longer than the time the judge 13 determines is necessary to achieve the purposes for which the 14 order was granted or 30 days, whichever is earlier. Only 2 15 extensions of an order may be granted. After the second exten- 16 sion of an order terminates, an investigative or law enforcement 17 officer may apply for and be granted an order authorizing the 18 interception of a wire, oral, or electronic communication based 19 on the information contained in the application for the termi- 20 nated order only if the new application includes new evidence, in 21 addition to that described in the previous application, justify- 22 ing the officer's belief that an order should be issued. 23 (7) Each order and extension shall provide that the authori- 24 zation to intercept be executed as soon as practicable, be con- 25 ducted so as to minimize the interception of communications not 26 otherwise subject to interception under this act, and terminate 01728'99 21 1 when the authorized objective is obtained or, in any event, after 2 not more than 30 days. 3 (8) An order authorizing interception under this act shall 4 require reports to the judge who issued the order showing the 5 progress made toward achieving the authorized objective and any 6 need for continued interception. The reports shall be made 7 weekly or at shorter intervals as the judge requires. 8 (9) The contents of a wire, oral, or electronic communica- 9 tion intercepted as authorized by this act shall be recorded on 10 tape or by a comparable recording device. Recording under this 11 subsection shall be done in a way that protects the recording 12 from editing or other alterations. When an order or extension 13 expires, all recordings shall immediately be made available to 14 the judge issuing the order and sealed under his or her 15 directions. Custody of the recordings shall be where the judge 16 orders. The recordings shall not be destroyed except upon order 17 of the judge or his or her successor, but shall be retained for 18 at least 10 years. Duplicate recordings may be made for use or 19 disclosure of contents or evidence under section 6(1) for 20 investigations. The presence of the seal or a satisfactory 21 explanation for its absence is a prerequisite for use or disclo- 22 sure of contents or evidence under section 6(2). 23 (10) The judge shall seal applications made and orders 24 granted under this act. Custody of the applications and orders 25 shall be where the judge directs. The applications and orders 26 shall be disclosed only upon a showing of good cause before a 27 judge of competent jurisdiction. The applications and orders 01728'99 22 1 shall not be destroyed except on order of the judge or his or her 2 successor, but shall be retained for at least 10 years. 3 (11) Within a reasonable time, but not later than 90 days 4 after an order or extension terminates, the judge shall cause an 5 inventory to be served on the persons named in the order and on 6 other parties to intercepted communications as the judge deter- 7 mines is in the interest of justice. The inventory shall include 8 notice of all of the following: 9 (a) Entry of the order. 10 (b) The date the order was entered and the period of autho- 11 rized or approved interception. 12 (c) The fact that during the period wire, oral, or elec- 13 tronic communications were or were not intercepted. 14 (12) If a person given an inventory under subsection (11) 15 files a motion and serves a copy of the motion on the law 16 enforcement agency described in subsection (11) and other parties 17 as required by law, the judge shall make available to the person 18 or his or her attorney for inspection the portions of the inter- 19 cepted communications to which the person was a party and the 20 portions of the applications and orders pertaining to communica- 21 tions to which the person was a party. 22 (13) The contents of a wire, oral, or electronic communica- 23 tion intercepted under this act or evidence derived from the com- 24 munication shall not be received in evidence or otherwise dis- 25 closed in a trial, hearing, preliminary examination, or other 26 proceeding in a court unless each party has been furnished with a 27 copy of the application and order authorizing or approving the 01728'99 23 1 interception before the preliminary examination or not less than 2 21 days before the trial, hearing, or other proceeding. 3 (14) An aggrieved person in a trial, hearing, preliminary 4 examination, or other proceeding before a court, grand jury, tri- 5 bunal, department or regulatory agency, legislative committee, or 6 other authority of this state or a political subdivision may move 7 to suppress the contents of a wire, oral, or electronic communi- 8 cation intercepted under this act or evidence derived from the 9 communication on 1 or more of the following grounds: 10 (a) The communication was unlawfully intercepted. 11 (b) The order of authorization or approval under which the 12 communication was intercepted is insufficient on its face. 13 (c) The interception was not in conformity with the order of 14 authorization or approval. 15 (15) A motion to suppress under subsection (14) shall be 16 made before the trial, hearing, preliminary examination, or other 17 proceeding unless there is no opportunity to make the motion 18 before the trial, hearing, preliminary examination, or other pro- 19 ceeding or the aggrieved person making the motion is not aware of 20 the grounds of the motion before the trial, hearing, preliminary 21 examination, or other proceeding. If the aggrieved person files 22 a motion, the judge may make available to the aggrieved person or 23 his or her attorney for inspection any portion of the intercepted 24 communication or evidence derived from the intercepted communica- 25 tion that the judge determines is in the interests of justice. 26 If the judge grants the motion to suppress under subsection (14), 27 the intercepted wire, oral, or electronic communication or 01728'99 24 1 evidence derived from the communication shall be treated as 2 having been obtained in violation of this act. 3 (16) The prosecutor may appeal an order granting a motion to 4 suppress under subsection (14) or the denial of an application 5 for an order of approval if the prosecutor certifies to the judge 6 or other official granting the motion or denying the application 7 that the appeal is not taken for delay. The prosecutor shall 8 take the appeal within 30 days after the order granting the 9 motion to suppress is entered or the application is denied and 10 shall prosecute it diligently. 11 (17) A violation of subsection (9) or (10) may be punished 12 as contempt of the court that approved or denied the application 13 for interception. 14 Sec. 9. (1) Within 30 days after an order or extension 15 entered under section 8 expires or the judge denies an order 16 authorizing or approving interception of a wire, oral, or elec- 17 tronic communication, the judge shall report all of the following 18 information to the administrative office of the United States 19 courts and to the department of state police: 20 (a) The fact that an order or extension was applied for. 21 (b) The kind of order or extension applied for. 22 (c) Whether the order or extension was granted as applied 23 for, modified, or denied. 24 (d) The interception time period authorized and the number 25 and duration of any extensions of the order. 26 (e) Any offense specified in the application, order or 27 extension. 01728'99 25 1 (f) The identity of the investigative or law enforcement 2 officer and agency applying and the prosecutor authorizing the 3 application. 4 (g) The nature of the facilities from which, or the place 5 where, communications were to be intercepted. 6 (2) In January of each year, the attorney general shall 7 report to the administrative office of the United States courts 8 all of the following: 9 (a) The information required by subsection (1) with respect 10 to each application for an order or extension authorizing or 11 approving an interception of a wire, oral, or electronic communi- 12 cation made during the preceding calendar year. 13 (b) A general description of the interceptions made under 14 each order or extension described in subdivision (a), including 15 all of the following: 16 (i) The approximate nature and frequency of incriminating 17 communications intercepted. 18 (ii) The approximate nature and frequency of other communi- 19 cations intercepted. 20 (iii) The approximate number of persons whose communications 21 were intercepted. 22 (iv) The approximate nature, amount, and cost of the man- 23 power and other resources used in the interceptions. 24 (c) The number of arrests resulting from the interceptions 25 described in subdivision (b) and the offenses for which arrests 26 were made. 01728'99 26 1 (d) The number of trials resulting from the interceptions 2 described in subdivision (b). 3 (e) The number of motions to suppress made with respect to 4 the interceptions described in subdivision (b) and the number 5 granted or denied. 6 (f) The number of convictions resulting from the intercep- 7 tions described in subdivision (b), the offenses for which the 8 convictions were obtained, and a general assessment of the impor- 9 tance of the interceptions. 10 (g) The information required by subdivisions (b) to (f) with 11 respect to orders or extensions for interception of wire, oral, 12 or electronic communications obtained in a preceding calendar 13 year. 14 (3) On or before January 10 of each year, the department of 15 state police shall report to the attorney general, senate, house 16 of representatives, and governor all of the information regarding 17 applications, orders, and interceptions of wire, oral, or elec- 18 tronic communications required under subsection (2). 19 Sec. 10. The director of the department of state police 20 shall establish a course of training in the legal and technical 21 aspects of intercepting wire, oral, or electronic communications, 22 regulations he or she finds necessary or appropriate for the 23 training program, and minimum standards for the certification and 24 periodic recertification of investigative or law enforcement 25 officers eligible to intercept wire, oral, or electronic communi- 26 cations under this act. The director of the department of state 27 police shall charge each officer who enrolls in this training 01728'99 27 1 program a reasonable enrollment fee to offset the costs of 2 training. 3 Sec. 11. An officer, employee, or agent of an electronic 4 communication service provider who learns of the existence of an 5 interception device in the course of his or her employment or 6 otherwise shall report the device's existence to the prosecuting 7 attorney of the county in which the device is located. The pros- 8 ecuting attorney shall determine whether placement of the device 9 is authorized by court order. If placement of the device is not 10 authorized by court order, the prosecuting attorney shall immedi- 11 ately inform the person whose wire, oral, or electronic communi- 12 cation was intercepted or intended to be intercepted of the 13 device's existence. This section does not diminish or excuse any 14 obligation of the prosecuting attorney, the officer, employee, or 15 agent of the electronic communication service provider, or any 16 other person to remove the device or to take any other actions 17 required by law, regulation, or policy. 18 Sec. 12. (1) Except as provided in section 8(5), a person 19 whose wire, oral, or electronic communication is intercepted, 20 disclosed, or used in violation of this act has a civil cause of 21 action against any person who intercepts, discloses, uses, or 22 procures another person to intercept, disclose, or use the commu- 23 nication or its contents. In the civil cause of action, the 24 person is entitled to recover all of the following: 25 (a) Actual damages, but not less than $1,000.00 a day for 26 each day of a violation. 01728'99 28 1 (b) Exemplary damages. 2 (c) Reasonable attorney fees and other litigation costs 3 reasonably incurred. 4 (2) A good faith reliance on a court order or a legislative 5 authorization is a defense to a civil or criminal action brought 6 under this act or any other law. 7 Sec. 13. Purchases of an interception device shall be 8 recorded as a separate line item on any state or local appropria- 9 tion bill. 10 Enacting section 1. Sections 539a to 539i of the Michigan 11 penal code, 1931 PA 328, MCL 750.539a to 750.539i, are repealed. 01728'99 Final page. JOJ